Do you know that from the age potty training is introduced to the various methods used, they are different across cultures over the world? Certain factors such as access to certain resources and climate conditions can influence how we toilet train our kids. That being said, there are no definite guidelines on how to potty train a baby — but there are techniques that actually work.

How to potty train a baby. (Picture: ToddMorris)

How to Potty Train A Baby: A Father Shares His Story

A father shared that he struggled to potty train his son for two years until they lived in China. There, he enrolled his two-year-old son in a local daycare.

Being in diapers at two-years-old, they appeared as “barbarians” to the women at the daycare. “Even the kids who were too young to talk could tug on a woman’s dress to let her know they had to go potty,” said the dad.

But, the daycare workers knew just what to do with this dad’s boy. Using the “elimination communication” method, the Chinese daycare managed to have his boy peeing in a toilet in just one week.

“Elimination communication” basically means the same as infant potty training. “It is the practice of introducing your baby to the toilet or potty at a very early age – usually between birth and 4 months,” explains Dr Sarah Buckley in her blog.

Some parents who use this method either go all diaper-free by rushing their little tots to the toilet (after monitoring for cues). Or, they use diapers from time to time, but just not at the frequency we are used to.

The basic rule of “elimination communication” is watching for signs that your baby needs to poo or peep. For example, Dr Buckley explains with her own baby, one of the cues that she wanted to poop was that she would wriggle about a bit and look uncomfortable. Or fart. But the only reason she was able to tune into these cues was because she avoided dressing her baby in a diaper.

By 14 months old, Dr Buckley’s baby was completely out of diapers.

But going back to the way parents in China do it… it’s slightly different. Here, babies are often dressed in “crotchless pants”. In other wise, special pants with big, gaping holes right in the place one would expect any “self-respecting article of clothing to cover up”.

The dad explains that while you might think this is unsanitary and disgusting, the method really does work. In essence, it is just a cultural variation of the “elimination communication method”.

How to potty train a baby: Children on the street with their pants slit at the bottom. In a different culture, it will surely send heads turning. (Picture: Wikimedia Commons)

A Father Shares His Story: Other Aspects To Potty Training With “elimination communication”

• Look out for the signs

When they are too young to express themselves, your role is to look out for those “little hints”. Look for facial expressions and twitches.

• Visiting “the potty”

The point is to get the baby used to the idea that this is where they’re supposed to go to the bathroom. Some parents make a “pssss” sound while holding baby over the potty, others open the tap.

Even More Tips!

If you’re not ready to let your child walk around in crotchless pants just yet, don’t worry.

With the elimination communication method, you can apparently start potty training your baby even by just a few months old. Basically, as soon as he or she is strong enough to hold his head up and upper body rigid. And that’s right — you can do without the crotchless pants!

• Try letting them go naked. Yes, you can expect a few accidents, but eventually (and without the blockage of a diaper), you will know when your baby has to go.
• When your child uses the potty correctly, praise them as this will help to reinforce the behaviour. But don’t go overboard. In the case of an accident, he may feel deflated. Instead, let him know that accidents happen.
• Make a two-syllable straining sound like “uh-uh”, with emphasis on the second “uh” (to encourage their bowel movement)
• If your baby poops into the potty, send loads of positive reinforcements
• Try training your baby to pee in the toilet when he first wakes up and his bladder is full
• The best time to train the baby to poop is after he eats (when his stomach is full and his intestines have been working)

Look out for signs such as your baby who stops eating or playing, as though he is concentrating on something. His face may turn red; he may make straining sounds or he might fart. Ideal to whisk him to the toilet then.

• If your baby is about to experience a bowel movement or during diaper change, take them to the toilet to allow them to get used to the routine.

The post Potty train your child in just one week with this Chinese method appeared first on theAsianparent.com Philippines | Modern Filipino parenting from a cultural and global perspective.

Humihiyaw sa pag-iyak, nagwawala, at minsan pa ay naglulupasay sa sahig. Ngayon maiintindihan mo na kung bakit binansagang “Terrible Twos” ang stage na ito. Pero huwag mag-alala. Bukod sa tantrums at labis na frustration, maraming mga nakatutuwang milestones ang makikita sa ikalawang taon ni baby. Alamin ang  development ng 2 years old ngayong buwan. Pagmasdan at tandaan ang bawat minuto ng buwan na ito dahil minsan lang ito dadaan.

Huwag magulat sa mga tantrums ng iyong  24 buwang gulang.  | Image source: Shutterstock

Development ng 2 years old

Physical Development

Ang iyong  24-buwang-gulang na toddler ay napaka-aktibo, at siguradong pagkakaabalahan nin Mommy at Daddy bawat minuto, umaga at gabi. Bagamat may mga pagkakataon na parang aatakihin ka na sa puso sa likot niya—takbo dito, hila doon, akyat-baba, at pati ang puting dingding ay ginawa na niyang drowingan—ito ang mga bagay na dapat ding ikatuwa. Ito ang mga hudyat na normal ang development niya. 

Tipikal sa mga 2-taong-gulang ang pag-tingkayad, pag-squat o pag-timpuho, pag-akyat sa mga furniture, pag-akyat-baba sa hagdan, paglundag, pagtakbo, pagsipa ng bola at pagbato din nito. Nakakatalon na rin siya!

Paborito niya ang pagpatong-patong ng blocks para makagawa ng “tower”, paglagay ng kung anu-ano sa mga container, pagguhit ng linya o bilog, at iba-ibang scribbles. Ang mga bagay na ito ay nagpapakita ng mabilis na pag-unlad ng mga kakayahan niya, lalo sa fine at gross motor skills.

Tips:

• Maglakad sa labas, kasam ang buong pamilya. 
• Hayaang tumakbo sa parke o hardin ang bata. 
• Dalhin ang bata sa playground para maglaro at makipaglaro sa ibang bata.
• Hikayatin siyang magligpit at mag-sort ng mga laruan niya para masanay ang motor skills niya.
• Bigyan siya ng drawing materials tulad ng papel, crayons, matabang lapis, para sa fine motor skill development.

Kailan dapat kumunsulta sa doktor:

Kung ang bata ay:

• Parang nakakalimutan o hindi na nagagawa ang skills na dati ay alam na niya
• Hindi nakakapaglakad ng diretso at walang akay
• Hindi pa marunong humawak ng mga karaniwang gamit sa bahay tulad ng lapis at kubyertos.
• Hindi nakakatakbo o lagi pa ring nakatingkayad sa paglalakad. 
• Hindi ginagaya ang galaw o gawi ng iba
• May nakikitang panghihina sa isang bahagi ng katawan.

Image source: Shutterstock

Development ng 2 years old: Cognitive

Ang utak ng iyong 24 buwan ay halos 75% na ng  adult size nito, at mabilis nang magiging 100% hanggang edad 18. Ang kaniyang memory at observation skills ay mabilis ding nahihinang.

Tanda nito ay ang gumagaling na pag-alala ng bata sa pagsasama ng mga magkakapareho, tulad ng  ang kamiseta at shorts ay damit, ang ibon at isda ay mga hayop, ang manyika at blocks ay mga laruan. Natatandaan na rin niya ang mga landmarks at kahit mga logo ng paborito niyang tindahan at kainan, lalo na kapag palagi niyang nakikita. 

Mapapansin din ng  iyong toddler ang mga pagbabago sa loob ng bahay, halimbawa kung may nawalang kasangkapan, o nailipat ng lugar ang silya o lamesa. 

Ginagamit niya ang kaniyang mga  senses para madiskubre ang mga bagay sa paligid niya, kaya’t kaya niyang mahinuha na ang kumot ay malambot, ang balbas ni Daddy ay magaspang o nakakakiliti. 

Kaya na rin niyang maintindihan ang magkasalungat, tulad ng taas at baba, ngayon at mamaya, at marami at kaunti.

Magugulat ka din kapag napapaalala pa niya sa inyo ang mga ginawa ninyo nung nakaraang linggo–nung dumalaw kayo kay Lolo at Lola, o nung nagkulay kayo ng “baby shark” gamit ang watercolour.

Ang  memory retention na ito ay may disadvantage din, dahil maaalala din niya ang takot niya sa pagpunta sa dentista at pag-bakuna ng pediatrician, at pati nga ang ayaw niyang pagpunta sa barbero, dahil alam niyang makati, o kaya ay nakakatakot ang gunting na hawak na malapit sa mukha niya.

Sa edad na ito, asahang maglalaro ang iyong toddler ng mga larong “make-believe” o kunwari-kunwarian, at nakikipag-usap pa nga minsan sa kaniyang mga laruang manyika o stuffed toy. 

Karaniwang kakayahan ng isang 24-buwang-gulang na bata ay ang pagturo sa mga bagay sa litrato o paligid, at papangalanan ang mga ito, sumusunod sa mga “two-step” na utos o pakiusap (Pulutin mo ang mga laruan mo at ilagay sa lalagyan”), nagsasama-sama ng mga pareho ng kulay o hugis, at pagtatayo ng “tower” gamit ang mga blocks niya.

Tips:

• Samahan siya sa pagkanta. 
• Kantahin o isa-isahin ang alphabet, at magbilang ng kung anu-ano sa paligid.
• Hayaan siyang magturo ng mga bagay at pangalanan ang mga ito.
• Tanungin siya ng iba’t ibang tanong tungkol sa iba’t ibang bagay. 
• Ipaliwanag ang mga simpleng hakbang (“Itatali lang ni Mommy ang sintas mo, ha?”)
• Bigyan siya ng mga pagpipilian at hayaan siyang magdesisyon at pumili, basta’t hindi makakasama sa kaniya (“Gusto mo ba ng pulang bola o asul na bola?”)
• Bigyan siya ng maraming laro o laruan na naghihikayat ng pagkamalikhain at may problem solving.
• Kapag wala ang mga taong kasama niyo sa bahay, pag-usapan kung nasan sila (“Si Daddy ay nasa trabaho”, “Nagpunta si Tita Angie sa supermarket”, “Umuwi na si Lola sa bahay niya sa Makati”).

Kailan dapat kumunsulta sa doktor:

Kung ang bata ay:

• Hindi nakakasunod kahit sa mga simpleng utos
• Hindi makabuo o hirap makabuo ng isang “tower” gamit ang mga blocks
• Hindi mapangalanan ang mga karaniwang bagay sa paligid tulad ng aso, pusa, kahon, kotse, ibon

Image source: Shutterstock

Development ng 2 years old: Social at Emotional

Sa oras ng paglalaro, napakaraming pagkakataon ng pagkatuto ang maaaring makita at magamit para sa bata. Ang kakayahang makitungo sa ibang tao at makipag-usap ay ilan sa mga mahahalagang kakayahan na maituturo ng pakikipaglaro.

Natural ang pagiging makasarili ng bata sa kaniyang mga laruan. Hirap pa siyang magpahiram o mag-share lalo na’t paborito niya ang laruan. Kung ipapahiram man niya, mabilis niya itong babawiin, at kapag hindi nakuha agad, asahang magwawala ito at iiyak ng walang humpay. Dito na makikita ang mga  “mini conflict” o mga away-bata na tinatawag, at ang unang tikim ng pangangagat, panghahampas, paninipa at iba pang agresibong gawain. 

Ang iyong 2-taong-gulang na anak ay makikipaglaro sandali sa iba, pero madalas ay kuntento nang may katabing naglalaro pero hindi pa talaga nakikipaglaro o nakikipag-usap sa ibang bata. May mga batang mahilig ding manuod lang sa mga naglalaro, at minsan ay gagayahin ang paraan ng paglalaro ng ibang bata. Mas mapapansin ito sa mga batang may mas nakatatandang kapatid. 

At dahil may maikling  attention span ang iyong anak, asahang magpapaiba-iba siya ng laro o gustong laruin, at bihirang manatili sa isang tabi nang matagal. Gusto din niyang kalaro si Mommy at Daddy palagi, na isang magandang pagkakataon para maging modelo ang mga magulang sa kabutihang asal at iba pang values na gusto nilang ituro sa anak tulad ng pagliligpit ng kalat, at magalang na pakikipag-usap sa isa’t isa.

Asahan din ang masigasig at determinadong bata—na hindi titigil hangga’t hindi niya nakukuha ang gusto niya. Nariyan pang hindi titigil sa pag-angal at pag-iyak pa minsan hanggang hindi ka bumibigay.

Huwag matakot sa iyak ng bata, at huwag mag-alinalangan na ituro ang dapat na asal. Huwag palaging pagbigyan ang gusto ng bata, lalo na kung dinadaan sa iyak at pagwawala. Turuan siyang sabihin kung ano ang gusto niya nang maayos at hindi pasigaw o paiyak. Huminga ng malalim bago makipag-usap sa batang nagwawala, para hindi sabayan ang galit nito, at maayos ang pakikipag-usap (kahit pa nanggigil ka na at nauubos na ang pasensiya mo). 

Mabuti rin ang paminsan-minsan ay hayaan ang batang ilabas ang frustration, galit, inis o lungkot niya. Ito kasi ang paraan niya para maintindihan at matutunan kung paano nga ba sasalubungin ang kaniyang mga dumadagsang emosyon. Gayunman, huwag patagalin ito at kausapin agad siya o tulungan siyan ng tamang paraan ng pagpapahupa ng damdamin. Kailangan pa rin ng bata ng yakap at mahalagang maramdaman niya na siya ay ligtas sa piling ng mga tagapag-alaga lalo na ng magulang.

Huwag magmadali sa pagpapatahan sa kaniya dahil 1) maaaring isipin niya na “ito lang pala ang gagawin ko para makuha ang atensiyon ni Mommy at Daddy; at 2) ang pagiging malungkot ay masama. Hayaang maranasan niya ang iba’t ibang emosiyon dahil susi ito sa development ng emotional skills ng isang toddler. 

Turuan siya ng tamang paraan ng paglabas ng emosiyon, lalo na ang mga negatibo. Ipaliwanag na ang pagsigaw at pananakit sa kapwa ay hindi dapat, at ang pag-iisa muna at paglayo sa sitwasyon ay mas makakabuti sa kaniya.

Mayron ding tinatawag na “regression” o pagbabalik sa mga ugaling nalagpasan na dapat niya, tulad ng paghawak ni Mommy sa kamay niya kapag naglalakad, na ayaw na niya kasi “big kid” na siya o “Malaki na ko”. Pero para bang biglang nakakapit na siya palagi sa iyo, at nagpapakarga pa na parang baby ulit.

Maraming dahilan kung bakit nangyayari ang regression:  

1. epekto ng patuloy na pag-unlad ng memory ng toddler, habang naaalala niya ang mga masasayang alaala nuong baby pa siya at gusto niyang maramdaman ulit ito;
2. bilang paraan para ipaalam sa mga magulang niya na ang pagiging “independent” at pagiging malaki na ay mahirap din para sa kaniya, at gusto niya lang iantala ito kahit sandali; o
3. ang iyong toddler ay gusto lang ng atensiyon at pag-aaruga, lalo na kapag may mga nagbabago sa routine niya (hal. may bagong baby ang pamilya, lumipat kayo sa bagong bahay) o isang hindi komportableng sitwasyon (hal. nag-aaway ang mga magulang, may mga bagong mukha siyang nakita). 

Kung ang iyong toddler ay nagpapakita ng regressive behaviour, iwasan ang pananaway sa kaniya. Sa halip mag-focus sa positive reinforcement ng tamang asal at pag-uugali. Bigyan ng papuri ang bata kapag may ginawang tama sa edad, tulad ng kapag gumamit siya ng tasa o baso imbis na bote sa pag-inom ng gatas, o kung gumagamit ng potty imbis na sa salawal. 

Sa edad na ito, ang iyong toddler ay nagiging mas pamilyar na sa mga pagkakaiba ng gender o kasarian. Magsisimulang gayahin ng mga bata ang nakikita kay Mommy at Daddy, at madalas ay gagayahin ng anak na babae si Mommy, at ang anak na lalaki ay gagaya kay Daddy. Huwag mag-alala kung minsan ay gagayahin naman ng anak na lalaki ang mga kilos ni Mommy tulad ng pagbuhat ng bag, pagpaplantsa, o paglalagay ng make-up, o isusuot ng anak na babae ang sapatos ni Daddy. Lahat ito ay natural at walang kinalaman sa magiging sexual preference nila paglaki.

Iwasan ang paghikayat ng gender stereotypes, o ang pag-iisip na ang mga babae lang ang pwedeng maglaro ng manyika at kotse naman ay panlalaki lang. Paglaruin sila ng anumang laruan na magustuhan nila, trak man, tren, o stuffed toy, o gamit pang-kusina. Mas mabuti ang magiging pagkatuto ng bata kapag may iba’t ibang laruan na madidiskubre. 

Sa panahon ding ito matututunan ng bata na siya ay indibidwal, at hiwalay sa iba. Mababawasan na rin ang separation anxiety niya, bagamat may takot na siya sa mga malalakas na ingay at ilang hayop (o tao!). 

Image source: Shutterstock

Tips:

• Mag-imbita ng mga kalaro o mag-set ng playdates.
• Hayaang makisalamuha ang bata sa iba’t ibang tao, sa iba’t ibang edad. 
• Pangalanang ang mga emosyon ng bata sa tuwing makikita ito, at tulungan siyang harapin ito. 
• Bigyan ang bata ng laruan na makakahikayat sa imahinasyon nito, tulad ng pretend-play at make-believe, o dramatic play kung tawagin. Mainam ang mga laruang manyika, pang-kusina o luto-lutuan, o mga dollhouse at costumes.
• Patulungin ang bata sa mga simpleng gawaing bahay tulad ng pagliligpit ng labada, laruan, o pagtulong sa pagluluto. 

Kailan dapat kumunsulta sa doktor o espesyalista:

Kung ang bata ay:

• Madalas na nangangagat o nananakit ng iba
• Sinasaktan ang sarili para makakuha ng atensiyon, hal. inuuntog ang ulo sa pader
• Ayaw  makipaglaro sa ibang batang ka-edad niya
• Walang eye contact o hindi tumitingin sa mata ng kausap
• Hindi nagpapakita ng emosyon o tumutugon nang may tamang emosyon. 
• Hindi naglalaro ng pretend play o kunwa-kunwarian
• Hindi tumutugon o sumasagot sa tawag ng pangalan.
• Naka-focus lamang sa iisang gawain o bagay, tulad ng paglilinya ng mga laruan, at hindi maistorbo sa gawain.

Development ng 2 years old: Speech at Language

Madaldal na ang iyong 24-buwang-gulang ngayon. Kaya na niyang bumuo ng pangungusap na may 2 hanggang 3 salita: “I want milk!” o “Karga mo ko.” Nakakasunod din siya sa mga simpleng pakiusap o utos.

May yumayabong na bokabularyo na ang iyong toddler: mula 50 hanggang 75 salita, at naiintindihan na siya ng mga taong kausap niya, kahit hindi siya kilala. Alam na rin niya ang mga pangalan ng mga tao na palagi niyang nakakasama, pati ang pangalan ng mga bahagi ng katawan niya. 

May mga paborito na rin siyang pagkain, at madalas ay hihilingin niya ito, tulad ng cookies, mansanas, gatas. At dahil naiintindihan na rin niya ang konsepto ng “more” at “less”, asahan na hihingi pa ito ng “more” o mas marami, kapag nakikita na konti na lang o ubos na ang pagkain niya.

Maaaring alam na rin niya ang mga kulay at kaya na niyang magbilang ng hanggang 10 pa. Habang binabasahan siya ng libro, mapapansin din na ituturo niya ang mga bagay at hayop sa litrato, at papangalanan ang mga ito.

At dahil na rin sa yumayabong na bokabularyo niya, magaling na rin siyang makipag-usap. 

Mahilig na siyang magtanong tungkol sa mga “bakit” at “paano” ng mga bagay sa paligid—pero huwag munang simulan ang mga mahahabang paliwanag dahil hindi niya ito pakikinggan. Maging maikli at direkta sa pagpapaliwanag, at gumamit ng mga simpleng salita lamang. 

Habang naglalaro, pakinggan kung paano kausapin ng iyong toddler ang kaniyang mga laruan at alagang hayop. Paniguradong ang pakikipag-usap niya ay ginaya niya sa pakikipag-usap mo sa kaniya, o kung ano ang karaniwang naririnig sa usapan ninyo sa bahay. 

Ang iyong toddler ay marunong na ring kumanta ng malinaw at humahaginit pa ng ilang tono. Gawing libangan ang sing-along o kantahan kasama si Daddy at Mommy, at sabayan pa ng kantahan. May mga bata pa ngang nakaka-memorya ng mga mahahabang kanta na naririnig palagi sa radyo sa kotse o sa playlist ng magulang. 

Kung gumagamit pa ng dummy ang bata, ngayon na ang panahon na dapat itong itigil o alisin sa kaniya. Makakaapekto kasi ito sa kaniyang pagsasalita at pakikipag-usap. 

Tips:

• Iwasan ang pagtama sa grammar ng bata kapag nagsasalita siya. Simplehan lang siya para hindi mapahiya, at ulitin ang sinabi niya ng tama ang grammar at mga salita.
• Kausapin siya ng may malinaw at direktang pananalita, at maging modelo ng malawak na bokabularyo. Imbis na sabihing “Okay” lang, sabihing, “Okay, tutulungan ka ni Mommy na itali ang sintas mo.” o “Okay, babasahan ka ni Daddy ng libro.”
• Basahan siya ng picture books palagi. Habang nagbabasa, tanungin siya ng tungkol sa kuwento, o kung ano sa tingin niya ang mangyayari. Tanungin din siya ng tungkol sa mga nakikita sa larawan tulad ng “Nasaan ang pusa?” o “Ano’ng mga kulay ang nakikita mo?”
• Patuloy na kumanta ng mga nursery rhymes at turuan ng mga bagong kanta ang iyong toddler. Mahilig siya sa mga rhymes at iba’t ibang tunog o saliw ng musika. 
• Kung nasanay sa dummy ang iyong toddler, palitan ito ng “transitional love object” tulad ng manyika o  teddy bear.

Kailan dapat kumunsulta sa doktor:

Kung ang bata ay:

• Hindi gumagamit ng mga katagang may 2 salita lamang (hal. inom gatas)
• Hindi gumagaya ng mga salitang naririnig o tinuturo sa kaniya
• Hindi pa alam pangalanan o ituro ang mga bahagi ng katawan tulad ng ilong o mata.

Image source: Shutterstock

Development ng 2 years old: Kalusugan at Nutrisyon

Ang torso at mga binti ng iyong toddler ay humahaba na, at nagsisimula nang makita ang hugis ng katawan ng isang bata, na malapit na sa tulad ng adult. Ang tipikal na tangkad ay mula 34 hanggang 34.5 inches. Ang average weight ay mula 10.5 kg hanggang 12.5 kg. 

Nirerekumenda ng The American Academy of Pediatrics ang  pagbabawas ng fat intake sa mga toddlers, ng mga 30% ng required daily calories. Pero huwag tuluyang tanggalin ang fat sa diet ng bata dahil kailangan pa rin ito ng kaniyang growing brain at katawan. Maraming mga produktong dairy ang may fats din at mabuting source ng calcium. Hanapin ang mga bersiyong low-fat ng keso, yogurt at ice cream.

May mga batang nagiging mapili rin s apagkain sa edad na 2 taon, kahit na dati ay hindi naman. Maingat na kasi ang ibang bata sa pagsubok ng anumang bago, pati sa pagkain. 

Sa edad na ito, maaaring susubukan din niya kung ano ang mga pwede at hindi pwede, at kasama dito ang pagtanggi na subukan hindi lang pagkain kundi pati mga gawain. Bigyan pa rin siya ng balanced diet kasama ang mga whole grains, lean meat, beans, prutas at gulay. 

Ang iyong 24-buwang gulang ay kailangan ng mga sumusunod:

• Nasa 3 ounces ng grains, kalahati ay whole-grain (ang isang ounce ay katumbas ng isang slice ng tinapay, isang tasa ng ready-to-eat cereal, o kalahating tasa ng lutong kanin, lutong pasta, at lutong cereal.
• Isang tasa ng gulay
• Isang tasa ng prutas
• 2 tasa ng gatas
• 2 ounces ng karne, beans (ang isang ounce ay katumbas ng parehong dami ng karne, poultry o isda,  ¼ tasa ng lutong dry beans, o isang itlog.

Kung hindi pa nadadala sa dentista ang iyong toddler, ito na ang tamang panahon para ma-eksamin ang kaniyang mga ngipin. Kung umiinom pa ng gatas sa bote, nirerekumenda ng mga pediatrician na lumipat na sa paggamit ng “sippy cup”.

Ang mga bote ng gatas, kapagn naiwan ng matagal sa bibig ng bata (tulad kapag nakatulog ito) ay maaaring maging sanhi ng pagkasira ng ngipin dahil sa sugar na nasa gatas. 

Ang iyong anak ay maaaring makaranas din ng pagkagambala sa pagtulog tulad ng mga masamang panaginip, na normal sa edad na ito. 

Mapapadalas marahil ang mga masamang panaginip o nightmares, dahil ang cognitive ability niya ay hindi pa nakakaproseso ng pagkakaiba ng totoo at hindi totoo. Minsan naman ay takot sa dilim, o may sakit na sanhi ng tumutubong ngipin, kaya’t nasasaktan o nasestress. 

Walang bakuna sa buwan na ito. Mabuti pa ring kumunsulta sa  paediatrician para malaman ang mga dapat na bakuna, pati mga bagong dapat makuha ng bata, tulad ng flu shot.

Tips:

• Palitan ng two percent mula sa whole milk, para mabawasan ang fat intake ng bata.
• Bigyan ang bata ng maraming pagpipilian na pagkain,at maging mabuting halimbawa din ng pagkain ng masustansiyang pagkain. Kahit ayaw niya sa umpisa, kapag palagi niyang nakikita at nakikita niyang nasasarapan ang mga tao sa paligid niya, gugustuhin niya rin ito.
• Hayaan siyang makatulog ng sapat na oras (ang bata sa edad na ito ay dapat natutulog ng 14 oras, bawat awar). Ang “downtime” ng pagtulog ay mabuting pahinga para sa aktibong bata, at nakakatulong sa pisikal na development niya. 
• Tabihan ang bata sa pagtulog o pagpapahinga, kantahan siya, yakapin at kausapin ng mahina at mahinahon, para lang maramdaman niyang siya ay hindi nag-iisa at kasama palagi si Mommy o Daddy na magbibigay ng proteksiyon sa kaniya.

Kailan dapat kumunsulta sa doktor:

Kung ang bata ay:

• Labis ang pagiging underweight at underheight para sa edad niya.
• Tinatanggihan ang kaniyang mga pagkain. Ang mapili lang na bata ay kumakain pa rin ng kahit isa o 2 uri ng pagkain.
• Nagsusuka, o kakaiba ang paglaki ng tiyan pagkatapos kumain.
• May constipation o madalas na  diarrhea.
• May itim o brown na patches o kitang-kitang cavities sa ngipin.

Tandaan na ang mga bata ay ay kani-kaniyang bilis ng pagkatuto at pag-unlad. Maging mapagmasid pero huwag mag-alala ng labis at nang walang payo ng doktor. 

Isinalin mula sa wikang Ingles ni ANNA SANTOS-VILLAR

The post Development at paglaki ng batang 24 buwan (2 years old) appeared first on theAsianparent-Gabay sa pagbubuntis, pag-aalaga ng sanggol, at pagpapalaki ng anak..

Bilang isang ina, mahalaga sa iyo ang kalusugan ng iyong anak. At siyempre, hindi lang physical development ang kailangang pagtuunan ng pansin kundi pati na rin ang brain development ng baby mo.

Pero anu-ano nga ba ang mga epektibong paraan upang matulungan mo ang brain development ni baby? Heto ang ilang epektibong paraan na sobrang simple lang at hindi mo kailangang pagkagastusan!

7 Tips para matulungan ang brain development ng baby mo!

Malaking tulong ang paglalaro pagdating sa brain development ng baby mo! | Source: pxhere

1. Sa pamamagitan ng paglalaro

Hindi lang para sa entertainment ni baby ang paglalaro! Mahalaga itong bahagi ng kaniyang growth at development, at maraming eksperto na ang nagsabi na importanteng maglaan ng oras sa paglalaro para sa brain development ni baby!

Bukod dito, nakakabuo rin sila ng matibay na relasyon sa kanilang mga magulang.

2. Kapag nagpapadede kay baby

Kung ikaw ay nagpapasuso kay baby, o kung bottle-fed siya, puwede mo itong gamiting pagkakataon para patibayin ang brain development ng baby mo!

Kapag nagpapadede ka, siguraduhing makipag eye-contact sa iyong anak at gumawa ng iba’t-ibang facial expressions, at kausapin mo siya. Nakaka-stimulate ito ng utak ni baby sa pamamagitan ng paggawa ng connections ng mga neurons sa kaniyang utak.

3. Ilabas mo ang iyong dila!

Nakakatawang isipin, pero nakakatulong ang paglabas ng iyong dila sa brain development ng anak mo!

Ito ay dahil kapag ginagawa mo ito, susubukan ka ding gayahin ni baby. Dahil dito, matututo siyang ilabas ang kaniyang dila na makakatulong upang mapadali ang kaniyang pagsasalita. Ito ay malaking tulong sa kaniyang speech development at sa kaniyang utak.

4. Kwentuhan at kantahan mo si baby!

Habang nagpapalit ka ng diaper ni baby, subukan mong ikwento sa kaniya ang ginagawa mo. Isa-isahin mo ang mga steps, at kausapin mo lang si baby. Kapag palagi mo itong ginagawa, masasanay si baby sa boses mo at matututo rin siya ng iba’t-ibang mga salita.

Puwede mo ring kantahan si baby habang siya ay pinapaliguan, dahil dito natututo sila ng mga rhyme. Mahalaga ang pag rhyme dahil nakakatulong ito sa pagbabasa ng iyong anak paglaki nila.

5. Mahalaga ang ‘tummy time’ para kay baby

Ang tinatawag na ‘tummy time’ o ang pagpapadapa kay baby ay nakakatulong upang palakasin sila at para maging malakas ang kanilang coordination. 

Bukod dito, maganda ring paraan ang tummy time upang tabihan ang iyong baby at turuan siyang magsalita. Puwede ka ding maglabas ng mga toys ng iba-ibang kulay at ituro kay baby ang mga kulay at hugis ng mga ito.

6. Ilabas mo ng bahay si baby

Maraming mabuting maitutulong ang paglabas ng bahay kasama si baby. Bukod sa naaarawan sila at nararanasan ang preskong hangin, nakakatulong din ang paglabas para sa mga senses ni baby.

Puwede mo ring ituro kay baby ang iba’t-ibang mga bagay sa labas, at puwede mo ring turuan ng iba’t-ibang salita ang iyong anak.

7. Maglaro ng peek-a-boo!

Ang paglalaro ng peek-a-boo o kaya tagu-taguan ay siguradong magpapasaya kay baby at makakapagpatibay din ng kaniyang brain development.

Kahit kailan ay puwede mo itong simulan, pero mas nakikinabang ang iyong anak kapag sila ay 9 months old. Natututo sila ng tinatawag na object permanence o ang pag-intindi na kahit hindi nila nakikita ang isang bagay, hindi nito ibig sabihin na nawawala na ito, o hindi ito totoo.

Sources: Healthline, Today’s Parent

Basahin: 3 crucial habits for better brain development in kids

The post Brain development ng baby, paano nga ba matutulungan ng mga mommy? appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Imagine waking up one morning to find that your baby, barely two and a half months old, sprouted a tooth overnight! Not only a tooth – but a fang! Baby teeth growth isn’t supposed to happen till they’re about six months, so imagine this mom’s absolute HORROR to find her baby had grown a fang overnight.

Baby teeth growth overnight: 11-week-old sprouts fang

Source: Facebook/Tara O’Byrne

According to an article in the Irish Mirror, Tara O’Byrne, mom of Oscar O’Bryne was left shocked after discovering her 11-week-old baby grew a sharp fang tooth overnight.

She told the Irish Mirror that she had gone in to check on him around 7am. “I usually give him a soother and he goes back asleep for an hour, but he kept crying.”

So, she decided to take him out. It was only after she changed him and was getting ready to feed him that she found the sharp tooth growing out of his mouth. It had grown overnight!

Immediately, Tara rushed Oscar to Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital. Here, seemingly unprofessional doctors spent more time debating what it was than actually treating her son.

Frustrated, she took him to the nearby Temple Street Hospital instead, where they were put in touch with a dentist.

Dentist removed baby teeth growth

Source: Facebook/Tara O’Byrne

“We got an appointment and brought him in. I had to hold him and hold his arms down while she took the tooth out.

But something went wrong during the procedure and the suction caused the tooth to go up the baby’s nose. “I had to wind him to get it out, but he was okay,” Tara shared.

“There were dentists coming in to take pictures of the tooth and everything. We took it home to show Oscar when he gets older.

“We were terrified at first but now we’re seeing the funny side. Me and my husband were laughing about it, it’s mad – especially at this time of the year!”

Talk about an early Halloween trick!

What is a normal baby teeth growth rate like?

Baby teeth growth only begins after six months. | Source: Pexels

While Tara’s baby’s tooth growth is super rare and out of the ordinary, baby teeth growth normally begin only at 6 months of age.

Usually, the first two teeth to grow are the two bottom front teeth, followed by the top four front teeth. All 20 teeth (10 in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower jaw) should be out by the time the child is two and half to three years old.

Baby teeth growth facts:

• Generally, for every 6 months of life, approximately 4 teeth will grow out.
• Girls normally have teeth before boys do at the same age.
• Lower teeth will normally grow before upper teeth.
• Teeth in both jaws usually erupt in pairs — one on the right and one on the left.
• Primary teeth or baby teeth, are smaller and whiter than permanent teeth.
• By the time a child is 2 to 3 years of age, all primary teeth should have erupted.
• Children start losing their primary teeth around the age of six or seven.

This is the normal baby teeth growth chart. | Source: WebMD

Also read:

Does teething cause fever in babies?

7 Everyday habits that can ruin your child’s teeth

Brushing baby teeth: When to start and best ways to do it

The post Mom freaks out when her 2-month-old grows a sharp tooth overnight appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

All parents love to know that their baby is super-clever. But what you may not know is that there are certain signs of an intelligent baby—exceptionally so—that you can nurture, so that your little one reaches their full genius baby potential!

The trick is to know what these early signs of an intelligent baby are, so that you can draw them out and watch your baby shine.

Do you know what the signs of an intelligent baby are?

Signs of an Intelligent Baby to Know and Nurture

1. Hits milestones earlier than other babies their age

You might know that baby developmental milestones are a significant way of telling if your little one is on track with their physical, cognitive, and emotional growth.

However, if your baby is hitting these milestones way earlier than their peers, then this could be one of the signs of an intelligent baby. For example, your three-month-old is already sitting up alone. Or your 10-month-old speaks clear, perfect sentences.

Pro tip: Read and talk to your baby to further develop their communication skills. Give them plenty of encouragement and praise when they “show” you what they can do! 

2. Has very good focus

Babies and young children are notorious for their short attention spans — give or take 15 minutes and off they go on another quest. However, one of the signs of an intelligent child is that they can focus on a task for long periods at a very early age, usually before six months old.

For example, you might see your highly intelligent five-month-old focusing intently on playing with wooden blocks without getting distracted. Or he/ she might sit with you as you read a whole book, even pointing at their favorite images or turning the page.

Pro tip: Continue to encourage play with toys like blocks and puzzles. Try giving your little one big, colorful floor puzzles to stimulate and encourage their focus. And as always, keep reading! 

3. Likes solving problems 

If your little one displays signs on an intelligent baby, then don’t expect him or her to ever give up easily! That’s right — along with extreme focus, such babies are gifted with exceptional problem-solving skills. If, for example, you’ve kept their favorite snacks tucked away in a cupboard, your little one is likely to figure out a clever way of reaching these goodies. Queue box stacked on toy truck!

And while all children do display problem-solving skills in keeping with developmental milestones, an exceptionally advanced child will show these skills much earlier than their peers.

Pro tip: In order to encourage your little one’s natural problem-solving skills, set them easy “challenges”. For example, you could create a mini-maze out of pillows or bolsters and place a toy in the middle. Then cheer your baby on as they navigate their way through this maze to find the toy. 

Is your baby hitting their milestones earlier than their peers? You could possibly have a tiny Einstein in your hands!

4. Enjoys (even prefers) solitude 

We know that children are sociable little humans and often rarely want to be left alone. However, one of the signs of an intelligent baby is that they often prefer to be alone.

You’ll notice them very happily playing on their own. Or they might actually prefer the company of older kids rather than that of their peers, for slightly more advanced emotional and intellectual stimulation. Hello tiny genius!

Pro tip: Remember not to push your little one into the company of other kids, if they do not like this. But at the same time, you could encourage your baby to play alongside his or her peers, so that social skill development is not neglected. 

5. Extremely curious

Yes, children can be curious little things. But one of the signs of an intelligent baby (exceptionally so) is that their questions are exceptional too. Their questions could be so complex that they could even stump you, sending you on a quest to the library or Google to find the answer.

Pro tip: The zillions of questions might be annoying. But do try to provide correct answers nevertheless. At the same time, provide your highly curious, highly intelligent child with the resources to find their own answers, such as a junior encyclopedia or library membership. Do join in on their journey of learning too. One is never too old for new knowledge! 

6. High birth weight

It sounds strange but it’s true—studies show there is a correlation between a child’s birth weight and their intelligence.

Researchers discovered that higher birth weights equated with slightly higher IQ throughout life. You can read the full Pediatrics study here. Meanwhile, continue to nurture your baby’s brain with breast milk until they reach six months of age, and with brain foods like avocado and fish once they start solids.

Pro tip: Pregnant moms, if you are reading this, the best way of ensuring that your baby’s birth weight is good, is to eat a proper balanced diet when you’re pregnant. 

7. Alertness

One of the earliest signs of an intelligent baby is a high level of alertness. Such babies are also very aware of their environments and loved ones, quickly recognizing and bonding with family members. They’ll make eye contact with you very early on and reward you with a smile or other signs of recognition, like cooing, or waving their fists.

Pro tip: Your baby’s high level of alertness might also mean they’re harder to put to sleep due to environmental stimuli. Address this by providing your baby with a calm, dark and secure sleeping environment. Try using white noise and a bedtime routine (feed, bath, story, sleep) to calm your super-alert little one right down.

References: Mensa, LiveStrong,

So there you have it, moms and dads. Are you raising a tiny genius too? Share with us the amazing things your little Einstein does!

Also read:

5 Simple ways busy parents can help raise smarter kids

How smart will your baby be? Science says their poop has the answer!

STUDY: Babies with big heads tend to be smarter, more likely to go to university

The post 7 signs of a highly intelligent baby to look out for appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Observing baby development stages month by month, is certainly a great source of joy to all parents. But do you know exactly what to expect across all realms of your little one’s growth and health: physical, social-emotional, speech and language, cognitive and nutrition?

As you go through these crucial baby development stages month by month — from the moment your baby is born right up until he or she is ready to start preschool — are you aware of red flags to watch out for?

Yes, it’s a lot of work and research… and can be overwhelming. Which is why we’ve done the legwork for you, bringing you all baby development stages month by month — zero to 48 months to be precise — in one handy article.

As you scroll down, you’ll find links to 51 articles (the first month is broken down by week) spanning birth to age four. Each article gives you a detailed description of your baby’s overall development, including vaccination reminders and when you should bring your baby to the doctor.

Let’s start with your baby’s first year of life. 

What can you expect in your baby’s first year of life?

Baby Development Stages Month By Month: Zero to 12

When looking at baby development in your baby’s first year, an astonishing amount of growth and development takes place.

Within the first couple of months, you’ll see your baby’s beautiful personality play peek-a-boo. Your heart will melt with love as that first gummy smile is flashed at you… and it’ll keep melting at every little adorable thing your baby does.

One of the main things you’ll notice about your little one in their baby development stages month by month (zero to 12 months), is their rapid growth in both height and weight.

Most babies double their birth weight by five to six months of age. And by the time they are a year old, their birth weight has usually tripled.

A baby’s brain also undergoes immense growth during this period, and for the first six months, much of it is fueled by the best brain food in the world: your breast milk!

In this first year, many significant “firsts” will be achieved, such as your baby’s first taste of solid food, first smile and probably their first steps and words! Who’s proud now?

For an in-depth read of baby development stages month by month, from week one to 12 months, just clink on the relevant link below. Don’t forget to read about when vaccinations are due:

Week one

Week two                       

Week three                   

One month

Two months                 

Three months             

Four months                 

Five months

Six months                   

Seven months               

Eight months               

Nine months

Ten months                 

Eleven months             

Twelve months

From those first tentative steps at around 12 months, be amazed at how mobile your baby gets by age 24 months!

Baby Development Stages Month By Month: 13 to 24

What?! Who’s this big baby and where is that tiny newborn? That’s right – your sweet baby is growing up right before your eyes.

You now are officially mom and dad of a toddler! As we follow baby development stages month by month, this  year of your little one’s life heralds many more exciting changes.

By the time they are 24 months old, your baby will most likely be able to walk and run. They’ll be speaking the most adorable baby talk and their personality will shine through clear and bright.

Your little one’s sleep should settle into a predictable pattern this year, and they’ll develop their own quirky tastes when it comes to food and drink.

Remember their brains are still developing at a speedy pace, so you want to fuel this with plenty of nutritious food, and emotional and cognitive stimulation.

Let’s take an in-depth look at baby development stages month by month, 13 months to 24:  

13 months       

14 months           

15 months               

16 months 

17 months       

18 months           

19 months               

20 months

21 months       

22 months           

23 months               

24 months 

Why hello little chatterbox!

Baby Development Stages Month By Month: 25 To 36

Hello Terrible Twos! Welcome to the year of tiny and not-so-tiny tantrums, big personalities and an abundance of love!

Much has been said and written about toddler tantrums. So much, in fact, that you might feel anxious about managing your little one’s emotions this year.

And while it’s true that sometimes they can be extreme, most of the time a tantrumming toddler can easily be calmed down with a few tricks. So don’t stress yourselves too much, parents.

Tantrums aside, in summary, this year will see further rapid holistic development in your tot. They might have lost that characteristic baby chubbiness by now and will have long limbs and strong bodies.

Their gross motor skills are quite advanced but you’ll still need to help them hone their fine motor skills, such as grasping and using a pencil correctly.

Read about your toddler’s exceptional development across all areas this year, month by month:

25 months         

26 months       

27 months         

28 months

29 months         

30 months       

31 months         

32 months

33 months         

34 months       

35 months         

36 months

Your babies are growing so fast! Soon, they’ll be ready for preschool.

Baby Development Stages Month By Month: 37 To 48

Congratulations, moms and dads! You’ve done an amazing job of raising your baby so far. You’ve weathered through the worst of those tantrums (and are probably pros at handling them!). Now, you can be prepared to be rewarded with calmer and more rational behavior from your mini-me.

This year, your little one will likely start preschool. They’re regular little chatterboxes and will happily ask you a zillion questions each day. From a helpless newborn to a proper little person — look at how far they’ve come!

Want to know more about how they’ll develop every month this year? 

37 months     

38 months       

39 months     

40 months 

41 months     

42 months       

43 months     

44 months

45 months     

46 months       

47 months     

48 months

Moms and dads, your little one’s journey to greatness has just begun and you’re doing such a great job at nurturing them so they develop into wonderful people. Remember along the way, if you have any doubts regarding your child’s health, you should always consult with a pediatrician. 

Also read:

Bakuna 2018: Importanteng vaccines sa unang taon ni baby

Ano ang pilay sa baby? Magagamot ba ito ng hilot?

The post Your child’s development from birth to four years: Your ultimate guide appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

A baby’s weight is one of the first things that is recorded soon after birth. This birth weight becomes the child’s initial reference point to track all future weight gain and loss that help track physical development. Now, a new study suggests that birth weight is also related to intelligence through life later on. We’ve also included tips for low birth weight babies management later on.

Low birth weight linked to lower intelligence well into adulthood, says study

Results from a new longitudinal study from Denmark claims that below-average birth weight is linked to a lower intelligence quotient (IQ) well into adulthood.

Researchers found that the differences in IQ — when comparing underweight babies and their normal counterparts — didn’t change much as they grew up. Even among the babies born within the “normal weight” bracket, newborns who were heavier still had slightly higher IQ as they grew up.

Trine Flensborg-Madsen, the lead study-author from the University of Copenhagen, said that they discovered “the association between birth weight and intelligence is stable from young adulthood into midlife.” 

According to Flens-borg-Madsen, “There are long-term cognitive consequences of birth weight that do not diminish.”

A recent study claims that birth weight is related to a baby’s future intellectual ability, says scientists. | Image Source: Stock Photo

What the study found

In the study, researchers analyzed data from roughly 4,700 babies in Copenhagen between 1959 to 1961. They looked at birth records and their scores from IQ tests which these individuals attempted when they were 19, 28 and 50 years old, too.

The researchers report in the Journal Pediatrics that birth weight was deeply linked to intellect in their IQ tests conducted at 19, 28 and 50.

The link still held true after researchers took into account other things which may affect intellect.

The trend was also observed in babies who are of normal birth weight, so more research is needed to verify their results. | Image Source: Stock Photo

More research needed, says scientists

However, according to the authors, weighing below-average from birth isn’t a good explanation for the link. That’s because the same pattern was also observed in newborn babies who were delivered with healthy weights.

Furthermore, the experiment wasn’t especially formulated to verify if below-average birth weight  directly leads to lower IQ scores, or if larger babies are actually more clever.

The study also didn’t take into account many other possible factors that could affect the child’s intelligence, like:

• what their home environment was like
• their mom’s stress levels
• how smart their parents were.

All these could affect the infants’ IQ score in the future.

“The brain develops rapidly before birth, and therefore lower birth weight may reflect a poorer environment for brain growth,” says Shenkin. “We still can’t say whether low birth weight ‘causes’ lower cognitive ability test scores.”

Low birth weight babies management tips for new moms

Moms, we know you’re concerned if your baby has low birth weight. According to Stanford Children’s Health, there are many ways to estimate your child’s birth weight before delivery.

However, after your little one is born, your doctors will weigh them and advise you appropriately. If your little one is severely underweight, additional treatment may be recommended, including:

• Tending to them in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, or NICU
• providing them beds with adjustable temperatures
• providing special methods to feed them, such as via a tube directly connected into to your little one’s stomach (if they are unable to suck), or by using an intravenous (IV) line

If all goes well, your little one can be discharged. But here comes the hard part: how do you know you’re on the right track? Here are some low birth weight babies management tips to get you started.

Low birth weight babies management tip #1: How you feed them matters

To breastfeed or give them formula? There are a few things you need to know about both when it comes to birth weight.

Babies feeding on formula are likelier to pack on weight faster than their breastfed counterparts. In fact, it’s possible for formula-fed babies to put on too much weight. After all, formula is more concentrated than breast milk and parents usually expect their babies to empty the whole bottle.

Dr Jack Newman is well known as a breastfeeding expert and pediatrician. According to him, excessive weight gain is less of a concern for breastfed babies, as they can stop sucking when they’re full (rather than finishing off the bottle). Thus, they can self-regulate the amount of milk they drink.

“I wouldn’t worry about rapid growth in a breastfed baby who is content and healthy,” says Dr Newman.

Low birth weight babies management tip: check their diapers often. Are they wetting them enough or passing the right stools? | Image Source: Stock Photo 

References: Reuters, Stanford’s Children Health

Also read:

Can eating fruit while pregnant boost your baby’s intelligence?

Science has spoken: intelligence comes from mothers

The post Birth weight: A clue to your child’s intelligence appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Do you sometimes wonder what baby thoughts are like?

Conventional wisdom tells us that our capacity for reason is rooted in language. However, a new study published recently in Science suggests that this capacity to reason logically may not just depend on language, at least not entirely. Their findings reveal that babies who are still too young to talk can reason and make rational deductions.

In other words, babies can think logically before they can talk!

The study’s authors studied infants between the ages of 12 and 19 months, a time in an infant’s life when language learning and speech production has begun, but before complex mastery of it has been achieved.

Baby thoughts and logic

During the study, the children inspected distinct objects, like a dinosaur and a flower. Then, the researchers hid the items behind a black wall.

In one set of experiments, an animation would show a cup scooping up the dinosaur. Half of the time, the researchers would remove the barrier to reveal the flower that remained.

In the remaining instances, the wall would disappear to reveal that the dinosaur remained. And the kids were able to deduce that something was wrong, even if they were unable to put into words what was wrong.

Eye-tracking baby thoughts

To discover this, the researchers used a common technique to gauge mental abilities in pre-verbal children (and apes) called “eye-tracking.”

The technique showed infants stared significantly longer at scenes where the new object appeared behind the barrier. This suggests that babies experience confusion when shown unexpected and new information. 

“Our results indicate that the acquisition of logical vocabulary might not be the source of the most fundamental logical building blocks in the mind,” says lead study author Nicoló Cesana-Arlotti. Cesana-Arlotti is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department Psychological and Brain Sciences at Johns Hopkins University.

During the study, Cesana-Arlotti and his teammates also reported infants’ pupils dilated when watching animations featuring illogical outcomes. Experts know that it also occurs in adults tasked with logic problems and provides more evidence that babies are aware of the way things “should” be.

“Their approach of using multiple trial types is very strong,” says Johns Hopkins psychologist and reason researcher Justin Halberda. He was not involved in the study but he wrote an accompanying analysis in Science about the new study.

Baby thoughts are mostly just babies talking to themselves

Halberda notes that a major component of human logic relates to thinking about alternative possibilities and eliminating inconsistent ones.

For example, does the dinosaur sit behind the barrier or does the flower? In formal logical terms, it’s basically “A or B.” Not “if A, therefore B.”

“I think many people would say that most of their reasoning happens when they are silently talking to themselves in their heads,” Halberda said. “What this new study reveals is that pre-verbal infants are also working through this same type of serial reasoning, and doing so before robust language abilities have been mastered.”

Language is still vital in developing brains and baby thoughts

Cesana-Arlotti did acknowledge their findings do not deny the importance of language and symbolic communication to human brain development, especially to our evolutionary backstory.

However, the new study suggests that, perhaps, language is not completely necessary to shape the brain’s logical reasoning capacities.

Cesana-Arlotti plans to continue further in the study. He say he wants to look into how pre-verbal logic might still differ from post-verbal logic. (That is, reasoning abilities that emerge after babies learn how to talk.)

Why? Because language may open additional reasoning abilities unavailable to the speechless brain.

Baby thoughts and mental development

He also hopes to look further into the mental development of young children.

“Our research aims to investigate the earliest foundations of our ability to reason logically,” he says, “a major basis for learning, creativity and flexibility in the human mind.”

“To our knowledge, nobody has ever directly documented logical reasoning in 12-month-old infants before,” he adds. “The exploration of the initial state of logic in the mind is a very exciting enterprise.”

Source: Scientific American

YOU CAN ALSO READ: How smart will your baby be? Science says their poop has the answer!

The post Babies use logic even before they learn how to talk, study says appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Many tests are performed on babies in the first few days of their lives—including newborn screening—starting as soon as immediately after they are born. You may wonder: What are these tests? What are the doctors looking for? Are such tests needed?

Your concerns are as valid as the tests are necessary.  But rest assured that these tests cause little pain, if any at all, to your precious little one. Such tests are routine and are essential in ensuring your baby is well and healthy.

Newborn screening can help detect any abnormalities that may not apparent just by looking at the baby.

Newborn screening tests will be done both in your hospital room and in the nursery.

Tests done immediately after birth

Apgar scoring
In the first minute after your baby is born he will do the first grading test of his life! In the Apgar score test, five factors are used to evaluate the baby’s condition. The five factors are:

1. Appearance (skin color)
2. Pulse (heart rate)
3. Grimace response (reflexes)
4. Activity (muscle tone)
5. Respiration (breathing rate and effort)

Each factor is given a score on a scale of 0 to 2, with 2 being the best score. The scores for each of the 5 areas are then combined to obtain a total grading out of a possible score of 10. A perfect score of 10 is possible but rare.

Five minutes later, the Apgar test is repeated. Babies usually get a higher score in the second test because their overall condition tends to improve.

Quick physical examination
Within an hour of your baby’s birth the midwife will also perform a quick physical examination. She will check your baby’s weight, length, and head circumference. These figures will go into your baby’s health booklet which will be updated at subsequent check-ups.

The moment your baby is born, their vital signs will be checked through a quick physical examination.

Thorough physical examination
The pediatrician will perform a detailed head-to-toe examination within the first 24 hours of your baby’s life.This will include checking your baby’s heart, reflexes and breathing. The doctor will also do a physical check for Jaundice symptoms and how breastfeeding is going.

You baby will receive a vitamin K injection when she is born.

Besides the general tests and checks done closer to the baby’s birth, there are other specific tests and injections necessary for the baby:

Routine blood test
A routine blood test will be done on your newborn by the means of a quick prick on his foot. The blood sample will be used to check for Phenylketonuria (PKU) (PKU). This is a rare genetic disorder in which the body cannot break down acid called phenylalanine, which is a part of protein that is found in breast milk, many types of baby formula, and most foods -especially those with a lot of protein.

If PKU is not treated, phenylalanine can build up in the blood and lead to intellectual disability and issues with the central nervous system.

A hearing test is part of the routine newborn screening

Although in certain instances this test is done right away, some specialists recommend that this is done 24 to 48 hours after birth and breastfeeding is established.

In addition to checking for PKU, the routine blood test also checks for blood sugar.

Bilirubin test

This too is a routine test that measures the amount of bilirubin in a blood sample taken from your baby. Bilirubin is a yellowish-brown substance found in bile, which is a by-product made after the breakdown of red blood cells.

Newborns, especially those who are born prematurely, develop a condition called jaundice because their immature livers are slow to produce bilirubin.

While it is not a problem for a baby to have mild jaundice, too much bilirubin in a newborn baby may cause brain damage and other serious issues. Therefore this test is very important to determine if your baby needs to be treated for jaundice with the help of phototherapy.

You baby’s doctor will also perform a thorough physical examination on your baby to make sure everything is in order.

G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) test

G6PD (Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase) is an enzyme helps red blood cells function normally. A G6PD deficiency is an inherited condition where a baby doesn’t have enough G6PD which could cause a condition called  hemolytic anemia, which is a condition in which red blood cells are destroyed and removed from the bloodstream before their normal lifespan is over. Therefore testing your baby for G6PD will be done routinely.

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) test

The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) test will help evaluate if your baby’s thyroid and pituitary glands are functioning normally. This test also helps to diagnose and monitor a thyroid disorder, if present.

Vaccinations and injections

Vitamin K injection

Vitamin K is a routine injection given to help your baby’s blot clot and prevent hemorrhaging, especially in instances where forceps or suction has been used to aid delivery.

BCG and Hepatitis B vaccinations

The BCG vaccination which protects your child against tuberculosis and the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccines are given shortly after your baby is born. This has proven highly effective in preventing serious forms of childhood tuberculosis such as tuberculosis TB meningitis (occurs when the tuberculosis bacteria invade the membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord) and disseminated tuberculosis (a contagious bacterial infection in which TB bacteria has spread from the lungs to other parts of the body through the blood or lymph system).

As the name suggests, the hepatitis B vaccine protects your baby from serious viral liver infections such as hepatitis B. Your baby will get the 2nd dose of the hepatitis B vaccine one month after the first dose and the 3rd dose 5 months after the 2nd dose.

Other optional tests

Some other optional tests that your pediatrician may request for include a newborn screening hearing test and metabolic screening test.

The hearing test can be done easily and doesn’t cause any pain to your baby. Hearing in infants can be tested using two different methods: the auditory brainstem response (ABR) evaluations or the otoacoustic emission (OAE) measures. Both tests are accurate, noninvasive, automated, and do not require any observable response from the infant. It is important to detect hearing impairment early on so that treatment can be prescribed if needed.

The metabolic screening can also done between the 2nd to the 5th postnatal day. Over 25 different health problems such as phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and congenital hypothyroidism can be detected through a metabolic screening test.

Mums and mums-to-be, we hope this information about newborn screening was insightful to you. If you wish to share your views on this article, please leave a message below. 

References:

http://www.healthxchange.com.sg/healthyliving/childrenhealth/Pages/What-Does-Newborn-Screening-Include.aspx

http://singaporemotherhood.com/articles/2012/08/newborn-tests-that-your-baby-will-go-through/

http://www.ezyhealth.com/magazine/newborn-screening/

http://www.webmd.com/children/tc/phenylketonuria-pku-topic-overview_

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bilirubin-15434

http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/aches/g6pd.html

http://www.chi-health.com.sg/media/BCG-Vaccinaition-ANZA-August2009.pdf

Also read: Breastfeeding your newborn 101: One hour, one week, three months

The post A guide to newborn screening and tests appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Hearing your baby talk clearly for the first time is one of the most exciting moments that any parent can have. That’s why you see a lot of parents constantly talking to their little ones, in hopes that they’ll start talking soon. But, when do babies start talking clearly?

Should you also be worried if your child isn’t speaking as clearly as other kids? Let’s find out.

When do babies start talking clearly?

For the most part, children usually start “talking” at around 6 months. However, it’s mostly babbling and them trying to imitate the sounds that they hear whenever they hear you talk. It’s what your child does to practice and learn how to speak.

At around 12 months, children usually start saying their first words. It’s not always clear, since kids are still getting used to speaking. And instead of mommy and daddy, you’ll probably hear something closer to “gaga” and “dada”. But at this point, your child is definitely trying to communicate with you and not simply imitating what they hear.

As your child grows older, they start to learn even more words, and will start to speak in full sentences, particularly around the ages of 2-3.

However, their speech at this point won’t always be clear. You’ll probably still to have to do a bit of guessing to find out what exactly your child is saying. But for the most part, you’ll be able to understand what your child is trying to tell you.

To answer the question of “when do babies start talking clearly”,  they are usually able to do so by the time they’re about 3 or 4 years old. They’ll start speaking in clear and full sentences, and you won’t have any difficulty figuring out what they’re trying to communicate.

However, there are cases wherein older kids, such as 7 or 8 year olds, still aren’t able to talk clearly at their age. At that point, getting a speech therapist to help out your child is a good idea.

Should I be worried if my child doesn’t talk clearly?

One of the worries that almost every parent has is if their child would be able to speak clearly. And it’s a valid fear, since parents don’t want their child to be left behind. They also don’t want their child to have trouble communicating with other people.

If you feel that your child’s speech is not on track, or if they’re still having trouble saying some words, then a speech therapist might be able to help.

What do speech therapists do?

Speech therapists can help children with problems concerning their language and speech, and can help kids communicate better. Aside from talking, speech therapists also help kids with their reading ability if they’re also having trouble with that.

They usually work one-on-one with kids so that they can address their problems better. But it’s not uncommon to have them working with kids in a group, or in a classroom.

Speech therapists are able to identify the cause of your child’s speech problems, and they can create a program to help address those concerns. Parents shouldn’t be worried if their child’s speech is delayed since SPs can and will help your child.

If you’re looking for a speech therapist to help your child, here’s a link to a list of speech therapists/pathologists here in the Philippines.

Having speech delays doesn’t mean that your child automatically has mental problems or a learning disability. There are a lot of factors involved in speech delays. Additionally, a lot of kids who had speech delays grow up to be regular adults.

Source: Web MD

READ: Your child’s development from birth to four years: Your ultimate guide

The post When do babies start talking clearly? A guide for new parents appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

A child’s first step is one of the most memorable moments for any parent. And pretty soon, your little tot will start running around the house, and you’ll be surprised at how coordinate they’ve become! But before that happens, you’ll have to wait patiently for months while your child starts figuring out how to walk. But what are the signs baby will walk soon? Let’s find out what parents need to know.

What are the signs baby will walk soon?

Unlike other mammals, human babies take a while before our babies are able to walk. This is because human brains develop differently, so unlike animals who can walk even if they’re just a day old, it takes humans a few months before they’re able to do so.

So don’t fret if your little one isn’t walking right away, since everyone’s different and our brains and bodies develop differently!

That being said, here are some of the signs baby will walk soon that you need to know:

6-8 months

The very first sign that you should keep in mind will happen during you baby’s 6th-8th month. That’s usually the time when their leg muscles are developed enough that they can stand up and support themselves.

You’ll probably notice your little one standing up while in their crib, and it’s such an amazing moment for any parent to see!

9 months

Another of the signs baby will walk soon will happen during their 9th month. This is when babies usually start to ‘cruise’ or pull themselves up and move around while holding on to furniture.

This is what your baby does in order to build confidence, and also helps them practice the coordination needed to be able to walk.

However, not all babies are able to cruise at this age. It’s perfectly normal, so you shouldn’t be worried if at 9 months, your little one isn’t able to cruise around.

12 months

By the 12th month, or their first birthday, most babies are usually able to ‘cruise’ around. You’ll notice that they’re also trying to walk at this age, but they can’t quite get it just right.

Your child will also be more confident at this age, and they’ll try to stand up and cruise around as much as possible!

This means that in a few months, they’ll be able to walk confidently. Some babies are able to walk while holding their parents’ hands at this age, but don’t be discouraged if your little one is content with simply cruising around.

You can try and encourage them to walk by supporting them and letting them play while standing up. Try to avoid walkers as these can discourage babies from walking, and can also be a source of injury.

13 months and older

At around 13 months, some babies are already able to start walking without any assistance. This is an amazing time not just for you as a parent, but for your baby as well.

Since this means that they’re becoming more independent and they’ll also start exploring their surroundings even more. 

However, some children still aren’t able to walk at 13 months. That’s totally normal. In general, most children are capable of walking independently by the 18th month.

So if your little one is just comfortable cruising around and taking small steps at 13 months, don’t be worried. Learning to walk is different for every baby, and walking late doesn’t mean that there’s anything wrong with your child.

When should parents be worried?

In terms of being able to walk, 18 months is usually the time when almost all babies are able to walk on their own. That means if your child is 15 months old, and still isn’t walking, they’re still within the normal time frame.

However, if your baby still isn’t walking at 20 months, then it might be a good idea to get your child looked at.

There are a number of reasons why some babies walk late, and sometimes the reason can be psychological, just as much as physical! Some babies tend to be more laid back, so they’re not concerned with walking early.

Parents also don’t need to ‘teach’ their kids to walk. Kids will do so naturally on their own, so a parent’s added assistance isn’t necessary. However, it could help, so long as you’re not pushing your baby too hard.

If you feel that your child might need professional help, then feel free to visit your pediatrician and ask for a referral to a doctor that might be able to help out your child. But these are particularly rare occurrences, and parents shouldn’t worry too much if their child is a late walker.

Basahin: Did your baby suddenly stop talking or walking? She could have Rett syndrome

The post Signs baby will walk soon: What do parents need to know? appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Ang paglalakad ni baby ang isa sa pinakamalaking milestones na inaabangan ng mga magulang. Ngunit bago pa mangyari yun, ang paggulong ng sanggol muna ang inaabangan na milestone ng mga magulang.

Kailan ba ito karaniwang nagsisimula? At paano malalaman kapag handa ni si baby na gumulong? Ating alamin.

Paggulong ni baby, kailan nangyayari?

Ang development ng mga sanggol ay dahan-dahang nangyayari. Katulad na lang ng paglalakad, magsisimula munang gumulong si baby, bago sila matutuong gumapang, umupo, tumayo, at maglakad.

Kaya’t mahalagang malaman ng mga magulang kung handa na bang gumulong si baby, dahil senyales din ito kung gaano kabilis ang kanilang development.

Kailan nagsisimula ang paggulong ng sanggol?

Ang karaniwang panahon kung kailan nagsisimulang gumulong si baby ay sa bandang dulo ng kanilang ika-3 buwan hanggang ika-5 buwan.

Kaya’t sa panahong ito, mahalagang bantayan ng mga magulang ang kanilang sanggol, dahil posibleng mahulog sa kama si baby kapag napabayaan! Mainam din na bantayan sila habang natutulog, upang makasigurado silang hindi gumulong si baby at mahirapang huminga.

Matutulungan ba ng mga magulang si baby?

Ang tinatawag na “tummy time” o ang pagdapa kay baby ay nakakatulong upang lumakas ang kanilang katawan. Maganda rin na gawin itong laro, at huwag pilitin si baby kung ayaw niya.

Nakakatulong ang paggamit ng laruan, pagkain, o kung anu-ano pang gusto ng iyong anak upang ma-motivate sya na dumapa at gumapang.

Iba-iba ang development ng bawat bata, at mabuti kung hindi minamadali ang mga sanggol pagdating sa mga ganitong bagay.

Dapat bang mag-alala kapag hindi gumulong si baby?

Kapag hindi gumugulong si baby, hindi naman dapat mag-alala kaagad ang mga magulang. Sadyang mayroong mga sanggol na mahiyain, o kaya hindi masyadong mahilig gumalaw-galaw. Normal lang ito.

Ang mahalaga ay nakikita ninyong nagdedevelop ang kaniyang katawan, pati na ang iba pa niyang mga senses. Sa tamang panahon, matututo ring gumulong si baby, at paglaon ay matututo na rin siyang maglakad.

Ngunit kung mayroon kayong pag-aalala, o kaya ay malaki na si baby pero hindi pa rin nagsisimulang gumapang o gumulong, wag mag atubiling magpakonsulta sa pediatrician.

Maraming dahilan kung bakit hindi gumugulong ang mga baby, at sila ang makapagbibigay ng magandang payo para sa mga magulang. Nakakatulong din ang mga physical therapist upang sanayin at palakasin ang katawan ni baby at bigyan sila ng lakas ng loob na gumulong.

Source: Today

Basahin: Stunning baby-mom photos capture the beauty of the “breast crawl”

The post Kailan ba magsisimulang gumulong si baby? appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Usap-usapan ngayon sa mga mommy chat rooms ang Heraclene (Dibencozide) Capsule, na nirereseta ng mga pediatrician para sa mga bata, lalo na’t mabagal ang pagbigat ng timbang. Ano nga ba ito, at totoo nga bang ligtas at epektibo ito?

Ang Heraclene (Dibencozide) ay formulated para sa mga sanggol na premature, pati na rin sa mga sanggol na may mababang timbang pagkapanganak, sa mga bata at matanda na walang ganang kumain, sa mga mahina ang pisikal na paglaki. Sa madaling salita, Heraclene ay isang appetite enhancer, ayon sa MIMS Philippines, ang multi-channel provider ng drug information, medical education at healthcare services.

Tumutulong ang Heraclene (Dibencozide) sa “optimal consumption” ng nutritional protein ingestion. Ibig sabihin, ang target nito ay ang development at pagbuong muli ng  mga body tissues, at napapalakas muli ang gana ng isang tao sa pagkain.

Ayon pa sa MIMS, ginagamit din ito para sa paggamot ng tuberculosis, at sa mga pasyenteng nagpapagaling mula sa isang surgery o impeksiyon. Sa mga ospital, binibigay din ang gamot na ito para pampaganang kumain sa mga pasyenteng nakaranas ng kritikal na karamdaman tulad ng stroke at depression.

Karaniwang dosage ng Heraclene

Para sa mga matatanda, 2 hanggang 3 capsules kada araw ang karaniwang dosage, habang 1 hanggang 2 capsules naman kada araw ang para sa mga bata. Pero hindi din tuluy-tuloy ang pag-inom nito, katulad ng ibang mga vitamins.

Sa mga sanggol na ipinanganak ng premature, at mga batang hanggang 2 taong gulang, isang capsule kada araw ang nirereseta, na siyang hinahalo sa tubig, gatas o juice.

Ayon sa isang mommy na nakapanayam ko, karaniwang sa loob lamang ng 30 araw  hanggang 3 buwan ang nirereseta ng pedia, pagkatapos ay itinitigil muna kapag nakitaan na ng sapat na pagdagdag ng timbang, at magana nang kumain ang bata. May mga nagrereseta din ng hanggang 14 na araw lamang, depende nga kasi sa sitwasyon ng bata at sa timbang niya.

Ang Heraclene kasi ay hindi tulad ng vitamins daw na pwede mong inumin nang tuluy-tuloy. Ito ay isang gamot para maitama o makatulong sa nutritional deficiency ng bata.

Tanging ang doktor lang ang makakapagsabi kung ano ang dapat na dosage sa bawat pasyente.

Hindi lang Heraclene ang solusyon

Kung mababang timbang ang problema, hindi sapat na Heraclene lang ang pantugon dito. Sabi nga ni Dr. David Nagtalon, MD, mahalaga pa rin ang pagkain ng masustansiyang pagkain (lalo na ang hitik sa calories), gatas, kasama ng multivitamins, lalo sa mga bata.

May side effects ba ito?

Lahat ng drugs ay may mga side effects, na nagbabago rin sa bawat tao. Ang mahalaga ay gamitin ang gamot ng ayon sa ipinayo ng doktor, paliwanag ni Dr. Nagtalon. Sakaling may makitang sintomas ng malala at negatibong reaksiyon sa gamot, itigil kaagad ang pag-inom o pagpapainom dito at kumunsulta agad sa doktor.

Ibinabahagi ng mga mommies na nakagamit na nito sa kanilang mga anak na walang naman silang nakitang anumang masamang side effects sa kanilang mga babies.

Karaniwang epekto nito ay nausea, minsanang pagsusuka, diarrhea, acidity, sakit ng ulo at/o tiyan, at iba pang gastro-intestinal disorder, bagamat hindi lahat ay nakakaranas nito, at hindi dapat ikabahala. Maliban na lang kung labis na ang sakit na nararamdaman. Payo ng doktor, itigil din agad ang pag-inom nito kung makakita ng sintomas ng allergic reactions tulad ng pangangati, rashes, at pamamaga o pagpapantal ng katawan, at malalang mga sintomas.

Dapat tandaan na ang Heraclene ay nirereseta para sa mga labis ang baba ng timbang, o talagang walang ganang kumain na bata, at lahat na lang ay tinatanggihan niyang kainin. Kung normal ang timbang at paglaki, mag-focus na muna sa pagpapakain ng masustansiyang pagkain at pag-inom ng multivitamins.

Hintayin ang payo at reseta ng doktor, bago magpa-inom ng anumang gamot o vitamins sa inyong anak, lalo kung sanggol pa ito.

Source: MIMS

Basahin: Nasa tamang timbang ba si baby bago ipanganak?

The post Heraclene: Gamot na nakakatulong sa pagdagdag ng timbang ni baby appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Do you remember how excited you were when your baby kicked for the first time in your womb? Beyond getting all excited and telling everyone about it, you probably also went to look up what it meant. Maybe you would have found what an active baby in womb means for your baby’s development. 

New research has discovered that an active baby in womb means aren’t just saying “Hi!”, they are actually punching and kicking to build their brain network.

What was the research all about?

The study examined 19 newborns, with an average age of 2 days old. Researchers used non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the babies brainwaves as they were sleeping, especially when they kick and punch during REM sleep. They found that brain waves fire whenever a baby’s limbs move. Larger brain waves (increased brain activity) were found in prematurely born babies who should have been still in the womb, as opposed to full-term infants.

Research results also support the fact that newborns should be sleeping with as little disruption as possible to assist with any required medical procedures.

An active baby in womb means baby is preparing for the world

All that kicking and punching actually helps baby build brain power | Source: Pexels

The brain is the most complex part of the human body, and researchers believe babies’ fetal movements (when the baby’s kicking) helps him or her to understand how to control movements and understand how touch feels.

Interestingly, this brain mapping only happens until baby is finally born. Just a few days before baby is due, the kicks and jabs no longer affect the brain less, anticipating birth.

Researchers suggest your baby’s fetal movements are actually preparing baby for life after birth, setting up the foundation for baby to learn and process all the new information he or she is about to receive in the outside world.

Active baby in womb means they are learning instincts

Active baby in womb means healthy development, which might explain why baby knows how to breastfeed from birth. | Source: Pexels

Because baby learns touch from feeling around in the womb, your newborn knows skills instinctively from the moment he or she is born, like breastfeeding.

The researchers also believe that the study will be able to improve neonatal care in hospitals, especially in the case of premature babies. There can be new ways to wrap premature babies so baby feels like he or she is still in the womb to continue developing the brain network.

8 amazing baby abilities from birth

Babies are actually super smart – not smart enough to hold a conversation yet though. What an active baby in womb means is development. | Source: Pexels

While babies can’t do all that much when they’re born, the research above shows that babies are very well-prepared for the basics of the outside world. They are definitely a lot smarter than their smile gives away. In fact, did you know your baby is born with these amazing abilities?

1. Baby knows who’s the boss

In one research, babies as young as 10 months were made to watch a cartoon starring blocks.

When the small cartoon block gave way to the bigger cartoon block, babies didn’t care. But when the bigger cartoon block gave way to the smaller cartoon block, they stared longer at the scene, indicating surprise.

This suggests babies might be born with the understanding social interactions and hierarchies.

2. Understanding dogs

Worried about introducing your pets to baby? This study shows that 6 month olds can match photos of a dogs expressions to the sounds of angry barks or friendly yaps. Emotions are one of the first things baby picks up.

3. Comprehending emotions

Speaking of emotions, baby knows when you’re feeling sad after a long day at work. A study from the journal Neuron in 2010 found that 5 month old babies can discern between upbeat and sad music. At 9 months, babies can pick out the really sorrowful sounding Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony from other happy songs.

4. Happy feet

Research has found infants dancing to classical, rhythmic beats and speech, and professional ballet dancers were brought in to analyze their movements. Incredibly, it finds that babies knows how to shake their booty to the beat, even better than speaking – suggesting that dancing is our blood.

5. Sleep learning

Babies sleep all the time, but they might actually be learning too. A 2010 study experimented with 26 sleeping newborns, playing a musical tone then blowing a puff of air to their eyes. They did this 200 times over 30 minutes. The results – babies learned to anticipate when the air will be blown, tightening their eyelids in response to the music.

6. Baby can identify where sounds are coming from correctly.

This study showed 7-month olds two videos, A and B. A was a video of two women. B was a video of three women.

When the babies heard two women saying “Look!”, they turned to A. When the babies heard three women saying “Look!”, they turned to B, indicating they knew where sounds were coming from.

7. Babies learn languages fast

They say babies pick up a new language fast, and it’s true. George Hollich, a psychologist at Purdue University has extensively researched this topic, and found that babies learn and begin to understand grammar from as young as 15 months.

8. Knows if you’re naughty or nice

Know how babies want to be carried by your husband and yourself but not necessarily by strangers? Kiley Hamlin, a researcher from Yale University, shows 6 and 10 month old infants a puppet show. In the show, Shape A helped Shape B climb a hill, while in another scene, Shape C pushed Shape B down.

When asked to choose between Shape A and Shape C, most babies chose Shape A when asked. This shows that morals may be ingrained in us more so than we think.

Isn’t that wonderful how our babies have formed so many abilities while in the womb?

Source: Livescience 

Read also: 6 na pamamaraan upang matulungang maging matalino ang inyong mga anak

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Have you ever wondered if having a premature baby affects them in anyway? Premature babies tend to be born with a myriad of medical issues, though these will vary from baby to baby. It is known that the earlier your baby is born, the higher the risk of complications. But researchers have now found that premature birth could cause a low IQ in newborns.

Low IQ in newborns caused by premature births

Researchers claim that babies that born much too soon may not score as high on intelligence test during childhood. Their results were compared to full-term infants.

This conclusion is based on data from 71 previously published studies on thousands of babies. Here, intelligence quotient (IQ) tests completed between age 5 and age 20 showed that preemies (premature babies) typically lagged behind their full-term counterparts.

On average, preemies underperformed on the IQ tests by the equivalent of about 13 points. Each additional week of pregnancy missed was associated with a 1.26-point reduction in their IQ scores

“The progress in neonatal health care that has considerably increased the survival of preterm infants. But improvement in survival was not accompanied by improvement of cognitive outcomes,” says lead study author Sabrina Twilhaar. She is from the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam.

Low IQ in newborns

The future for premature babies isn’t necessarily bleak. | Image Source: Pexels

Pregnancy normally lasts about 40 weeks. Babies born after 37 weeks are considered full term. Half of the preemies in this study were born before 28.5 weeks.

In the weeks immediately after birth, preemies often have difficulty breathing and digesting. They can also encounter longer-term challenges such as impaired vision, hearing and cognitive skills. Some may also have  social and behavioral problems.

Do note that this study is not a controlled experiment designed to prove if a premature delivery directly causes low IQ. Researchers also lacked data on certain demographic factors that can lead to a low IQ.

Nevertheless, parents of preemies should be aware of the potential for intellectual deficits.  Early interactions can help the baby’s brain to develop cognitive skills.

“Parents should also understand that IQ is an imperfect indicator of cognitive abilities. It does not tell how well children might succeed in school,” says Riikka Pyhala, a researcher at the University of Helsinki in Finland”

“Behind a general IQ score, every child has their individual strengths and weaknesses.  This will be reflected in specific cognitive skills such as verbal or visual reasoning, memory and attention,” says Pyhala.

“Detailed knowledge on these abilities allows us to support their learning in an optimal way.”

No matter if your baby is born premature or not. Not all hope is lost. You can help to nurture your baby’s brain development from a young age with these tips.

Nurturing a baby’s brain to avoid low IQ in newborns

4 Tips to nurture a newborn’s growing brain:

1. Chat with your baby

Talking to your baby will develop a vocabulary. Babies think in concrete terms so talk about his toys instead of your family vacation.

2. Read together

Reading builds an emotional bond. It also aids baby’s learning ability. Pictures also enable your child to see things like wild animals.

3. Use sign language for little babies before they learn to speak

Research has shown that sign language has a positive effect on a baby’s IQ and language development.

4. Give them some alone time

Doctors say downtime allows babies to learn how to amuse themselves. They also learn how to play with toys on their own. This develops their attention span.

Source: Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health

Republished with permission from The Asian Parent Singapore

Also read: The amazing way breast milk helps a premature baby’s brain grow

The post Premature babies at risk of having lower IQs, says researchers appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Across many Asian cultures, it’s a common belief passed from mom to mom: shaving your baby’s head will make her hair grow longer and thicker.

Many moms swear by the importance of shaving to make way for healthier, silkier tresses. My own mom has often regaled me with tales of how ugly my newborn hair was (complete with photo evidence). At a few months old, what little fuzz I had was thin and patchy until she took me to the hairdresser’s.

Shaving baby’s head: old wives’ tale — or truth?

So is this cultural practice backed up by science? The bald answer: no.

The texture of your baby’s hair is genetically predetermined from birth, according to Leonica Kei, director and senior trichologist at Singapore’s Philip Kingsley Trichological Center. Babies are born already possessing all the hair follicles they will ever have.

Simply put, hair follicles are pockets of cells beneath the scalp surface which produce hair. The size of the follicles determines the thickness of your baby’s hair — the bigger the follicle, the thicker the hair strand.

The number of follicles, on the other hand, determines how much hair your child will have. The higher the number of follicles, the more hairs possible to be formed.

Shaving, of course, doesn’t change the hair follicles rooted in your baby’s scalp. This mean it’s your genes, not shaving, that can take credit for your child’s gorgeous tresses later on.

In fact, experts advise that parents might want to delay shaving their babies’ heads, for fear of injury. “A baby’s scalp is very tender,” Kei says. “The top of his head, called the fontanelle, is especially soft because his skull bones have not fully knitted together.”

Why your baby’s hair looks different at first

There are good reasons why your newborn’s hair doesn’t quite look its best. Babies start off with vellus hair, explains Kei, which is “short, fine and poorly pigmented”. By the time your tot reaches two, this early hair will have been replaced by lush, mature terminal hair.

Another common worry that moms have is uneven or patchy hair. Infant hair loss may be the culprit in this case, and it’s a natural part of baby development, according to LIVESTRONG. This balding may happen due to hormonal changes and can last up to 6 months.

If your baby’s balding is occurring in spots, this may also be caused by sleeping and sitting positions. According to experts, babies who rub the back of their head against a baby seat or mattress often lose hair in that spot.

To reduce hair loss from too much time spent in the same position, you are advised to give the little ones more tummy time. Alternatively, you can switch up which end of the cot you lay your baby’s head during sleep time.

Though you should consult a doctor if you’re concerned about your baby’s hair growth, there’s usually no need for you to do much. Just let nature run its course. Meanwhile, enjoy your little one’s adorable hairdo, tufts, thin hair and all!

ALSO READ: Scratching your head over cradle cap?

Republished with permission from theAsianParent Singapore

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Importante sa mga magulang ang development ng kanilang anak. Kaya nga maraming nauusong mga preschool, playschool, at kung anu-ano pa na nakakatulong para mas mabilis matuto ang mga bata. Ngunit alam niyo ba na ang simpleng pagbabasa sa bata ay nakakatulong upang maging advanced ang kanilang pagbabasa?

Paano nakakatulong ang pagbabasa sa bata?

Base sa isinagawang pagsusuri ng mga researcher mula sa Newcastle University, mas nakakaintindi raw ang mga batang madalas binabasahan ng kanilang mga magulang. Kung ikukumpara daw sa ibang mga bata ay malayo ang agwat ng kanilang kakayanan na umintindi at magsalita.

Ayon kay James Law, Professor of Speech and Language Sciences sa Newcastle, matagal nang alam ang benefits ng pagbabasa sa mga bata. Ngunit ang nakakagulat raw ay nang malaman nilang nabibigyan daw nito ng advantage na 8 buwan ang mga bata.

Para sa mga batang may edad na 5 pababa, malaking bagay na raw ang 8 buwan, lalo na pagdating sa kanilang kakayahang magsulat.

Mahalagang patibayin ang language skills ng mga bata

Dagdag pa ng mga researcher na importante raw ang language skills habang maliit pa ang mga bata. Nakakadagdag ito sa kakayahan nilang umunawa, na mahirap ma-develop kung tumanda na sila.

Madalas, kapag hindi gaanong malakas ang language skills ng bata, ay nahihirapan sila sa paaralan. Ito ay dahil nahihirapan silang umintindi, at hindi rin madali para sa kanila ang pagpapahiwatig ng kanilang saloobin.

Mahalaga ang pagpapatibay ng language skills dahil nakakatulong ito sa kanilang pagsasalita, pagbabasa, at pag-unawa. 

Anu-ano ang mga paraan para ma-boost ang language skills?

Bukod sa pagbabasa sa bata, heto ang ilang mga paraan upang matulungan ng mga magulang ang language skills ng kanilang mga anak:

• Kausapin palagi ang iyong anak para masanay sila sa pag-uusap
• Turuan sila ng mga bagong salita, at kausapin sa kanila gamit ito
• Iwasan ang TV sa hapag-kainan. Sa halip, mas magandang maglaan ng oras para mag-usap ang pamilya
• Sa halip na mga laruan, bilhan ng mga libro ang iyong anak
• Maglaan ng oras sa pagbabasa upang mahalin ng iyong anak ang pagbabasa
• Iwasan ang baby talk, dahil posibleng makasama ito sa development ng iyong anak

Source: Telegraph

Basahin: Reading accelerates more than just brain development in children!

The post Mas maaga raw nagsasalita ang mga baby kapag ginawa ito ng magulang appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

The acquisition of language is both a natural and learning process for children. This happens as they interact with people and things in their environment. The process is gradual and comes at different paces for every child. The way you interact with your child will determine how he develops his language skills. The first five years of your child’s life is the most crucial as this is when the foundations for language development are built.

Language is divided into two major aspects – receptive language and expressive language. The former is the ability to listen and understand language while expressive language defined the ability to speak and convey messages. Your child should develop well in both these aspects so he or she can be a good communicator.

Developing language is both a natural and learning process and each baby has his own pace

Stages of Language Development

Birth

Babies are aware of sounds in their environment. They cry if it’s very noisy as they are still unfamiliar with most of the sounds they hear. To express their feelings, they make sounds. It is the infant’s way of communicating.

0-3 Months

Babies start to respond to familiar voices and will listen closely to anything that they are not familiar with. To express delight at seeing their parents or anyone familiar, they usually smile or make a ‘goo-goo’ sound. It is possible to differentiate their cries at this age.

4-6 Months

They start to respond to the word “no” and seem to be fascinated at other sounds such as music, the ‘whirr’ of electrical appliances and animal sounds. At this point, a baby should be able to open their throat and make gurgling sounds. They are most likely able to sound out consonants such as m, b and p.

7-12 Months

At this age, babies are already familiar with their names and will look at anyone who calls them. They will start responding to questions and requests. They will also be familiar with names of common household objects and can point at them when asked. This is the time when babies are most likely to say their first word as they are now able to combine vowel and consonant sounds.

Every child is unique and develops at his own pace. Try not to compare your child with other children as this can only cause you undue stress and unnecessary pressure for your child. Some of you may already be panicking after reading on the various stages of language development. The milestones enumerated above are just general ideas and should not be interpreted too rigidly. Remember some children can stay in one stage longer than others while some may go through each stage very quickly.

5 ways you can help your baby learn how to speak

Instead of stressing yourself out, take a look at the following suggestions to help jump-start your baby’s language development.

1. Integrate language learning in your baby’s daily activities

As a parent, it is definitely exciting, yet challenging for you to help develop your baby’s language development. Your role is very important as you are your baby’s constant companion. You don’t have to wait for those ‘special moments’ to start helping your baby to develop language. Each moment that you spend with him or her is a ‘teaching moment’.

When your baby “coos”, say something in return. This will help your baby get the idea that the sounds that come out of his or her mouth can catch mummy’s or daddy’s attention. Studies show that children who were responded to when they made sounds as babies had better cognitive skills when they were older than those who were just ignored.

However, experts say that parents should not respond to every babble as their babies grow older. Mommies and daddies should only respond to sounds that are comprehensible. This will help the little ones to determine which sounds are effective–making them work harder at repeating them.

2. Interact with your child as often as possible

You should find enjoyment in interacting with your baby. According to some studies, babies that are exposed to television, learn six words less than their non-tv-viewing counterparts. Parents are advised not to let their babies watch any television at all. As you do things for him, pretend like you’re talking to an adult and explain what you’re doing in detail. You can also read stories or rhymes. Try to make communicating something really fun for your baby.

3. Talk to your baby the way he wants you to

You may think that baby talk is silly but experts say that this way of talking is actually beneficial for babies. Stretching out the sounds of each syllable actually helps babies become sensitive to individual letter sounds. This makes their auditory facilities more discerning. So start using that sing-song intonation when talking to your baby.

Babies also need to see your lips when you’re talking to them. Before they can understand any word that you’re saying, they first need to learn how to segment. That means they have to see when one word ends and another one begins. Hence, let  babies watch educational videos. Usually, in these videos, the person who is talking cannot be seen on screen. What happens is that the audio is not complemented by a related image which makes things really confusing for babies.

4. Help your baby learn the names of things

Object labeling is an important practice which parents can use to help their child’s language development. Parents can point to an object while saying, “This is ______.” But this should be done normally with parents just following the lead of their babies. Make sure that your timing is correct so your baby can associate the right label to an object.

While doing object labelling, you can use exaggerated motions to attract your baby’s attention. This practice makes the experience not just auditory but visual as well.

5. Allow your baby to interact with other people

It’s definitely tempting to keep your baby to yourself but experts say that babies learn words easily if spoken by a variety of speakers. Researchers discovered that a baby will have a hard time learning a new word if only one person is saying it. Even if this certain person keeps on repeating the word, babies will still not get it. But learning a new word will become easy for babies if it’s spoken by many people.

*Stages of Language  Development – Bowen, C. (1998). Ages and Stages: Developmental milestones for receptive and expressive language development. Retrieved from http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/devel2.htm on 4-12-09.

Language development in babies is an exciting and educational journey for all children. If you’re a parent watching your infant grow day by day and enjoying the process tremendously, you will find this article beneficial as it is a good guide to aid with monitoring your child’s progress. 

Also read: Mas maaga raw nagsasalita ang mga baby kapag ginawa ito ng magulang

Republished with permission from theAsianParent Singapore

The post Language development and your baby appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Paano intindihin si baby ang challenge para sa mga magulang lalo na sa mga first time parents. Dahil sa hindi pa sila nakakapagsalita ay hindi nila masasabi ang gusto o kailangan nila.

Kaya naman dapat ay alam ng isang magulang ang mga paraan kung paano intindihin si baby at ang kahulugan ng behavior niya.

Image from Freepik

Mga paraan kung paano intindihin si baby

Ayon sa Australian mommy na si Priscilla Dunstan ay may mga methods para malaman ang kahulugan ng behavior ng sanggol.

Tinawag itong “Dunstan Baby Language” na umani ng atensyon noong 2006 ng minsang mai-guest siya sa The Oprah Winfrey Show.

Bagamat, hindi ito scientifically verified naging malaking tulong naman ito sa mga new parents.

Ang mga method o paraan para intindihin si baby ay ang sumusunod:

Method 1: Sa kanilang pag-iyak

Isang paraan para maipahiwatig ni baby ang gusto niya ay sa pamamagitan ng pag-iyak. Ito ay naiiba-iba at nangangahulugan ng sumusunod:

1. Hunger cry – Madalas, ang dahilan kung bakit umiiyak si baby ay dahil siya ay gutom na.  Umiiyak siya para kunin ang iyong atensyon na may kasabay na paggalaw ng kaniyang ulo at paggawa ng smacking sounds mula sa kaniyang bibig.

2. Calling cry – Kung si baby naman ay umiiyak ng lima o anim na beses, titigil at iiyak ulit matapos ang ilang segundo (20 secs), ito ay nangangahulugan na nais niyang magpakuha o magpakarga.

3. Sleepy cry – Ang pagiyak naman ni baby na may kasabay na pagkakamot sa mata o tenga niya ay nagangahulugan na siya ay inaantok na.

4. Pain cry – Ang baby na nakakaramdam ng sakit ay umiiyak ng tuloy-tuloy at malakas. Kung mas masakit ang nararamdaman niya ay mas parang naghihysterical ang iyak niya. Kung sakali namang napagod o naubos na ang kaniyang energy ay nagpapatuloy parin ang pag-iyak niya bagamat ito ay mahina na.

5. Discomfort cry – Umiiyak din si baby kapag nakakaramdam siya ng discomfort na maaring dulot ng iritasyon sa init o lamig ng panahon. Maaring dahil kailangan niya ng magpalit ng kaniyang diapers. Mapapansin mo ito kung gingalaw niya ang kaniyang katawan na nagpapakita na siya ay naiirita.

6. Physiological cry – Ang pag-iyak naman ni baby na tila umaangal ay maaring dahil siya ay may kabag, hirap umihi o dumumi.

7. Environmental cry – Ang pag-iyak ni baby ay maaring nangangahulugan rin na hindi siya masaya o bored sa lugar na kinaroroonan niya. Makikita ito sa pamamagitan ng kaniyang frustration at pagkairita.

Method 2: Sa kanilang body movement

Isang paraan rin para intindihin si baby ay sa kaniyang mga body movements o paggalaw ng katawan.

1. Fist clenching – Ang paggalaw o pagkakasara ng kamao ni baby na tila nakikipagsuntukan ay nangangahulugan na siya ay gutom na. Isa ito sa palantandaan na kailangan niya ng sumuso o dumede bago pa man siya umiyak.

2. Back arching – Ang paggalaw o pagbaluktot ng likod ni baby ay nangangahulugan na siya ay nakakaramdam ng sakit o colic. Kung katatapos lang naman niyang sumuso ang body movement niya na ito ay nagpapahiwatig na siya ay busog na. Kung ito naman ay kanilang ginagawa habang siya ay sumuso ito ay maaring dahil siya ay may reflux. Kung si baby naman ay 2 months old na at nagpapakita ng body movement na ito, maaring ito ay dahil siya ay irritable o pagod.

3. Head rotation – Ang pag-ikot naman ng ulo ni babu na walang kasabay na pag-iyak ay kanilang paraan para kumalma. Madalas ito ay kanilang paraan rin para patulugin ang kanilang sarili.

4. Leg lifting – Kung si baby naman ay tinataas ang kaniyang leg o hita, ito ay dahil nakakaranas siya ng colic o tummy pain. Sa ganitong paraan kasi ay naiibsan nila ang pananakit.

5. Arm jerking – Ang pagkibit o biglang paggalaw naman ng braso ni baby ay nangangahulugan ng pagkagulat sa malakas na tunog, biglang paggising na palantandaan rin na siya ay takot.

6. Ear grabbing – Ang paghawak ni baby sa tenga niya ay nangangahulugan naman na ini-explore niya ang baby features niya. Pero kung ito ay napapadalas o persistent ay kumunsolta na sa doktor dahil maaring ito ay may ibang kahulugan na.

Method 3: Sa tunog na kanilang ginagawa

Ang tunog na ginagawa ng iyong anak ay isang paraan rin para maipahiwatig ang gusto niya.

1. “Neh” – ang tunog na ito na ginagawa ni baby sa pamamagitan ng pagtulak ng kaniyang dila sa kaniyang ngalangala ay nangangahulugan na siya ay gutom na.

2. “Owh” – Ang tila pagtiklop naman ng labi ni baby ng pabilog bago siya humikab ay nangangahulugan na siya ay inaantok na.

3. “Eh” – Ang tunog na ito ay ginagawa ni baby kung siya ay dumidighay o didighay na.

4. “Eairh” – Ang tunog na ito ay ginagawa ni baby kung siya naman ay nakakaranas ng sakit dulot ng bloating o gas. Paraan nila ito para subukang umi-exhale at maibsan ang kanilang iritasyon.

5. “Heh” – Ang tunog na ito na ito na may kasabay na pagkibpt o paggalaw ay nangangahulugan na sila ay hindi komportable o nakakaranas ng displeasing sensation.

Bagamat hindi sa lahat ng oras ay agad na mapapansin o matutukoy ang kahulugan ng pag-iyak, paggalaw o tunog na ginagawa ni baby. Malaking tulong at paraan naman ito kung paano intindihin si baby na isang mabisang paraan para malaman ng mga magulang ang mga pangangailangan o gusto nilang ipahawatig.

Source: Real Farmacy, Freepik 

The post Baby talk, cries, at movement: Isang gabay para maintindihan ang gustong sabihin ni baby appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.

Paano turuan ang bata magsalita ba ang problema mo? May sagot ang isang pag-aaral na makakatulong sayo!

Image from Freepik

Paano turuan ang bata magsalita

Bagamat ang pagsasalita ay natutunan ng isang bata ng kusa, may iilang bata naman ang nagkakaroon ng speech delays dulot ng magkakaibang dahilan.

Pero para maiwasan ang speech delay lalo na sa mga batang wala namang medikal na kondisyon na maaring maging balakid dito ay may paraan na maaring gawin. Ito ay ang ipakausap ang isang bata sa kapwa niya bata, ayon sa isang pag-aaral.

Ang pag-aaral ay ginawa ng mga researchers mula sa Ohio State University at Purdue University. Base sa mga researchers ang mga bata ay nagkakaroon ng dagdag na salita sa kanilang vocabulary kapag sila ay nakikipagusap sa kapwa nila bata. Ito daw ay dahil sa speech patterns na parehong mayroon sila kumpara sa matatanda.

“Sensitivity to talker properties is found to be related to speech processing and language development,” paliwanag ni Yuanyuan Wang mula sa Ohio State University.

“Much of what we know about the world is learned from other people. This is especially true for children”, dagdag pa niya.

Natuklasan ito ni Wang kasama ang iba pang researchers sa pamamagitan ng dalawang experiments sa 2-year-old na mga bata.

Image from Freepik

Experiment tungkol sa speech processing ng mga bata

Sa unang scenario ay pinanood ng video ang mga bata ng dalawang speakers, isang lalaki at isang babae na nagrerecite ng nursery rhyme gamit ang normal nilang boses.

Pagkatapos makapanood ng video ay binigyan ng task ang mga bata na gayahin ang sinasabi ng video na pinanood nila sa parehong tunog at paraan ng pagsasalita ng speaker.

Sa pangalawang experiment ay tinuruan naman ng mga bagong salita ang mga bata gamit ang speakers mula sa magkakaibang edad.

At mula sa ginawang pag-aaral natuklasan ng mga researcher na mas natuto ng bagong salita ang mga bata sa mga speakers na may gulang na 8 to 10 years old.

Ayon parin kay Wang, sa ginawang pag-aaral lumalabas na mas mabilis matuto ang bata magsalita gamit ang parehong speech pattern na mayroon siya. Ito daw ay implikasyon ng social cognition at selective social learning.

Ang behavior rin daw na ito ng mga bata ay maaring makaimpluwensya sa kanilang preferences sa pagpili ng social groups sa kanilang paglaki.

Kaya naman kung nagiisip ka ng paraan kung paano turuan ang bata magsalita lalo na kung ito ay iyong anak ay hayaan siyang makipag-usap at makipaglaro sa kapwa niya bata para siya ay matuto ng mag-isa at kusa.

Source: Daily Mail UK
Image: Freepik

Basahin: Mas maaga raw nagsasalita ang mga baby kapag ginawa ito ng magulang

The post STUDY: Bata mas natututong magsalita sa tulong ng kapwa niya bata appeared first on theAsianparent Philippines: Your Guide to Pregnancy, Baby & Raising Kids.